Here is a great article discussing three challengers to Fortran’s dominance of scientific and high-performance programming. (Note that most things scientific are desired to be done with high-performance, and most things worth being done with high-performance are scinetific.) The article puts forth Haskell “as the elder statesman”, Clojure and julia as posisble successors to Fortran’s throne, but in reality most of the article is spent very justifiably defending Fortran’s place and almost ruling out the three contenders.